縮孔與疏松

 　   該類孔隙性缺點，破壞金屬陸續性，造成應力密集與裂紋源，屬于不容許的缺點。

  　  鋼錠開坯時切除量不敷，殘留縮孔及疏松，闡揚為鍛件端頭有管狀孔穴大概緊張中間疏松。

  　 對策是：

    　1）嚴酷控制澆注溫度和速率，防止低溫慢速注錠；

   　 2）接納發燒冒口或絕熱冒口，改善補縮條件使縮孔上移至冒口區，防止縮孔深人到錠身處；

　   3）控制鑄造時鋼錠冒口切頭率，充分切凈縮松缺點。合理鍛壓變形，壓實疏松缺點。

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Shrinkage and looseness

  This type of porosity defect, which destroys the metal continuity, causes stress intensive and crack sources, and is an unacceptable disadvantage.

   When the ingot is blanked, the amount of removal is not enough, and the residual shrinkage hole and looseness are expressed. The tubular hole at the end of the forging is probably tight and loose.

   The countermeasures are:

     1) Strictly control the pouring temperature and rate to prevent low temperature slow injection;

    2) Accept the fever riser or the adiabatic riser, improve the feeding conditions, and move the shrinkage hole up to the riser area to prevent the shrinkage hole from reaching the ingot;

3) Control the rate of ingot cutting of steel ingots during casting, and fully cut the defects of shrinkage. Reasonable forging deformation, compaction and looseness.